Tuesday, July 10, 2018

Summary of Nine Days Rules

This is a summary of the rules of the Nine Days that I shared with my synagogue. (Tisha B'Av's rules appear separately.)  Please note that some rules change a little when Tisha B'Av falls on Shabbos (Saturday) as the fast is then pushed off to Sunday, the 10th of Av, as the day of sadness is not observed on Shabbos. That is how it is this year (2018). The following links may be helpful in putting us into a framework of identifying with why and how we can properly mourn in this time period.
An article by Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik - http://etzion.org.il/en/avelut-yeshanah-and-avelut-chadashah
Different things to be mournful of in our days:
http://arabbiwithoutacause.blogspot.com/2010/07/time-to-mourn.html
http://arabbiwithoutacause.blogspot.com/2011/08/merits-of-performance.html

I.                   MINIMIZING JOY during the Month of Av
A.      Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik compared the mourning of these 9 days to the style of mourning for a Shloshim period – the 30 days following the death of a loved one. As such, the mourning practices of this period are intended to be a little stricter than the ones we’ve observed since 17 Tammuz, to help us be more prepared for the ultimate day of mourning, Tisha B’Av.
B.       One minimizes joy through disengaging from practices which give us heightened joy, such as listening to some forms of music andhaving weddings (extension from 17 Tammuz), doing cosmetic or other enjoyable construction (the kinds which can be delayed), eating meat and drinking wine, taking haircuts, and pleasurable bathing and washing – of both body and clothing.

II.                LAUNDRY
A.    The most agreed upon definition of “joy” from laundry is wearing freshly laundered garments. As such it is recommended to run “final” loads of laundry before Rosh Chodesh (Friday July 13, 2018), and to wear any outer garments for a brief period of time to remove the “freshness.” Garments which have been sitting on a shelf, in a drawer, or hanging in a closet for a long time are arguably no longer “fresh,” but one who wants to be strict should wear them briefly if one intends to wear them during the 9 Days.
B.     Undergarments and socks need not be worn briefly in advance of the 9 days.
C.     There is a difference of opinion as to whether freshly laundered clothing may be worn on Shabbat during the 9 Days (there are 2 Shabbatot this year!). Either route you choose has support in halakha.
D.    If it is possible to not do laundry at all during the 9 Days, that is preferred. However, exceptions to the rule of laundering apply to all children’s clothes, a garment that is absolutely needed, if a person has nothing else to wear, and laundering for one’s business (such as a dry cleaner). Additionally, if there is a small stain on a garment someone is wearing, that stain may be addressed directly, without laundering the entire garment.
E.     If laundry needs to be done in advance of a trip taking place the day after Tisha B’Av, the laundry can be cleaned and folded, but one should refrain from wearing the freshly laundered clothing as per “A” above.

 III.             BATHING and CUTTING NAILS and GROOMING
A.    The strictest laws allow for washing face, hands and feet but not for other washing during the 9 Days. The exception is a cold shower in advance of Shabbat.
B.     Owing to the realities of our time, where we live (where the average daily temperature is between 85-95), and the fact that most of us fit into the category of istonis (people with a heightened sensitivity to a lack of hygiene), the strict practice of not bathing during the 9 Days need not be practiced. Rather, to minimize joy in this regard, consider lowering the temperature of the water and minimizing one’s time in the shower. Follow this simple rule: “Take care of business as quickly as possible then get out of the shower.”
C.     There are differences of opinion as to the propriety of going into a swimming pool. Many poskim are of the view that if one needs to enter the pool for health reasons – such as rehab, instructional swim, or to cool off on a very hot day – then one may do so. If a person can do without it, then it is better to avoid it.  
D.    CUTTING NAILS – Ta”z does not allow it; Magen Avraham allows it. A woman preparing for mikveh may cut her nails. Some allow cutting the nails on Friday in preparation for Shabbat. Whatever can be done in advance of the 9 days is preferred.
E.     HAIRCUTS and SHAVING – Inasmuch as the Nine Days is similar to the mourning of “Shloshim,” men and women should not get haircuts during this period. As far as shaving goes, men who can avoid shaving without being ostracized socially should not shave. At the very least, a man should not shave during the week in which Tisha B’Av falls (which this year is only Tisha B’Av itself). Some poskim allow shaving on Erev Shabbat. Women may shave legs during the Nine Days (Rav Shimon Eider, quoting Rav Moshe Feinstein)

IV.             MEAT AND WINE
A.    The Ashkenazic custom is to avoid eating meat and drinking wine during the 9 Days. Sefardim follow this rule during the week in which 9 Av falls.
B.     Meat and wine are permitted on Shabbat.
C.     Wine is not recommended for Havdalah – better to use a “Shehakol” drink such as beer. If beer (or some other alcoholic drink) is not available, use grape juice. Even though it is a “Borei Pri Hagafen” beverage, it does not create the “simcha” (joyous feeling) that wine brings.
D.    The practice of having a siyum in order to eat meat has mixed reviews amongst the poskim. Some allowed it, and some felt that if we’re specifically scheduling siyums to eat meat, or if we don’t normally have a meat meal when we have a siyum, then this is just an attempt to avoid the aveilut we should be feeling and experiencing..
E.     A timely mitzvah, such as a bris or pidyon haben, may include a meat meal.

V.                CESSATION OF THESE PRACTICES
A.    This year, with Tisha B’Av being observed on the 10th of Av (pushed to Sunday from Shabbat), all practices of mourning end with the cessation of “Tisha B’Av” on Sunday night, as the 11th of Av begins.
B.     Remember that before eating anything (including if one must break the fast for medical reasons), Havdalah should be recited. Borei Pri Hagafen and Hamavdil.
C.     One may cut one’s hair, do laundry, shower, etc on Sunday night.
D.    Some have the custom to avoid eating meat until the following morning.


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